Authorship of the Pentateuch

Genesis

Introduction to Genesis

Different Views of Genesis 1 and 2 Believers in the inspiration and inerrancy of the Bible have long debated the opening chapters of Genesis. How should we interpret these opening chapters, and how do they reconcile with the findings of modern science?

Young Earth or Ancient Universe? Some Christians believe that God created the universe in six, consecutive and literal 24 hour days. Is this the case?

Design and the God of the Gaps When Christians give evidence for the existence of God from science, atheists often refer to this as a “God of the gaps” type of argument. This article explores this debated topic.

The Origin of Life Where did life come from? How did matter and energy move from inorganic chunks of matter into organic life forms of life? We address this subject in this article.

Evolution and Creation Biologists often refer to neo-Darwinian evolution as an undeniable fact –beyond all feasible doubt. This article surveys the evidence and offers a unique perspective.

(Gen. 1:1) Did the Jews steal their creation and flood story from the Enuma Elish?

(Gen. 1:1) Does the Bible teach that God created the universe or just the Planet Earth?

(Gen. 1:1) Does the Bible teach creatio ex nihilo (or a creation out of nothing)?

(Gen. 1:3) How could God create light after the creation of the Earth?

(Gen. 1:6) Does Genesis teach a three-story universe?

(Gen. 1:9) Did water cover the early Earth?

(Gen. 1:12) Does Genesis record the existence of life out of order?

(Gen. 1:14) Does Genesis teach that the sun and moon were created after the Earth?

(Gen. 1:21) Why doesn’t the Bible mention dinosaurs?

(Gen. 1:26) Does this passage prove the Trinity?

(Gen. 1:26-27) Were Adam and Eve the first two literal people on Earth?

(Gen. 1:26-27) Can theistic evolution account for Adam and Eve?

(Gen. 1:28) Does this passage justify deforestation, pollution, and animal cruelty?

(Gen. 1:29-30) Does this passage claim that lions and tigers were vegetarians?

(Gen. 2:2-3) Why does God need to rest?

(Gen. 2:4) Why does the creation story repeat itself?

(Gen. 2:10-14) Are these mythical rivers?

(Gen. 2:17) Did death really begin at the fall of humans?

(Gen. 2:18) Are women merely a “helper” for men?

(Gen. 2:19) Were animals created after the first humans?

(Gen. 3:1) Did Adam and Eve really talk to a snake?

(Gen. 3:9) Is God all-knowing or not?

(Gen. 3:15) Is this the first prophecy of Jesus?

(Gen. 3:15) Does this passage support the Roman Catholic view of Mary as co-redemptrix with Christ?

(Gen. 3:16) Does this passage sanction men ruling over women?

(Gen. 4:3-5) Was Abel’s sacrifice better because it was a blood sacrifice?

(Gen. 4:14-17) Where did Cain get his wife, and why was he afraid of other people, if he was the only person alive on Earth?

(Gen. 5:5) Did these people really live this long?

(Gen. 6-8) Did the Flood really cover the entire Earth?

(Gen. 6:3) Do humans really live for 120 years?

(Gen. 6:4) Who or what were the Nephilim?

(Gen. 6:6) Did God make a mistake in creating mankind?

(Gen. 8:1) Did God forget Noah?

(Gen. 9:13) Does this passage imply that rainbows began during the time of Noah?

(Gen. 9:21-25) Did Ham rape Noah?

(Gen. 9:26-27) Does this predict that the Messiah would come from the Semitic people (i.e. the descendants of Shem)?

(Gen. 11:1-9) Did ancient humans really build the Tower of Babel?

(Gen. 14:17-20) Does Melchizedek foreshadow the work of Christ as high priest? (c.f. Heb. 5:1-6; 7:1-28)

(Gen. 16:1-2) Isn’t this odd that Sarai would want Abraham to impregnate Hagar?

(Gen. 17:10) Isn’t circumcision a cruel and unusual act?

(Gen. 21:32-34) Were the Philistines around at this time or not (c.f. Gen. 26:1-18)?

(Gen. 22:1) Why would God test Abraham if he is all-knowing?

(Gen. 22:2) Why does Genesis 22 refer to Isaac as Abraham’s “only son”?

(Gen. 22:1-19) Why did God command a human sacrifice?

(Gen. 26:4-5) Is the Abrahamic Covenant still operative today? –or Did the Jews forfeit these blessings because of their rejection of Christ?

(Gen. 27) Why would God bless Jacob, rather than Esau, when Jacob lied and deceived to get the deathbed will?

(Gen. 36:31) How could Moses write this before the monarchy?

(Gen. 37-50) Is the story of Joseph a myth?

(Gen. 37-50) What are the parallels between Joseph and Jesus? Does this story prefigure Jesus?

(Gen. 49:10) Was Jacob predicting Jesus in this passage?

Exodus

Introduction to Exodus

Date of the Exodus

(Ex. 1:15-21) How could God bless the actions of the midwives, when they lied and disobeyed the authorities?

(Ex. 2:1-9) Should believers make irrational decisions like sailing babies down rivers?

(Ex. 2:24) If God is omniscient, how could he “remember” something?

(Ex. 3:3) Are miracles like a “burning bush” just pre-scientific myths?

(Ex. 3:5) Why does God give Moses an arbitrary command like removing his sandals?

(Ex. 3:14) What does “Yahweh” mean?

(Ex. 3:18) Why does God tell Moses that it would only be a three day trip, if he planned on rescuing them permanently from the Egyptians?

(Ex. 3:22) Why would God command the Hebrews to steal from the Egyptians?

(Ex. 4:21) How could God harden Pharaoh’s heart?

(Ex. 4:24) Why did God want to kill Moses?

(Ex. 5:3) Why would God kill his own people with pestilence or a sword?

(Ex. 6:3) How can this be the first time God revealed his name “Yahweh,” when this name is used often before this time?

(Ex. 6:26-27) Why are these verses written in the third person, if Moses wrote them?

(Ex. 7:11; 22; 8:7) How could the sorcerers perform supernatural signs, if they were not from God?

(Ex. 7:14) Why weren’t these 10 plagues recorded by the Egyptians?

(Ex. 7:14) Were the judgments of the 10 plagues arbitrary?

(Ex. 7:14) Is there a feasible naturalistic explanation for the 10 plagues?

(Ex. 11:3) How could Moses write this, if he was more humble than all men?

(Ex. 12:1-22) Does the Passover foreshadow the work of Christ?

(Ex. 12:29) Why would God slay the firstborn of the Egyptians?

(Ex. 12:37) Were there really two million Jews in the Exodus?

(Ex. 13:18) Did the Jews cross the “Red Sea” or the “Reed Sea”?

(Ex. 14:21-29) How could two million people cross the Red Sea in such a short time?

(Ex. 16:22) Why does the Sabbath come up at this point in the Exodus?

(Ex. 16:34) How could Moses mention the Ark of the Testimony before it was even created?

(Ex. 20:5) Is it wrong for God to be jealous?

(Ex. 20:5) Is it fair for God to punish someone for their father’s sins?

(Ex. 20:13) Is killing right or wrong?

(Ex. 21:21) Are slaves persons or property?

(Ex. 21:22-23) Are fetuses human beings or not?

(Ex. 21:29-30) Can we pay a ransom for murder or not?

(Ex. 22:18) Why were false teachers put to death?

(Ex. 22:29) Does this passage condone human sacrifice?

(Ex. 23:19) Why couldn’t the Jews boil a young goat in the milk of its mother?

(Ex. 24:10) Can we see God or not? (c.f. Ex. 19:12-13)

(Ex. 25:10-22) Did the Tabernacle worship and the ark of testimony foreshadow the work of Christ?

(Ex. 31:18) Does God have fingers?

(Ex. 32:11-14) Did God change his mind?

(Ex. 33:20) Can we see God or not?

Leviticus

Introduction to Leviticus

Why the Arbitrary Laws?

Why the Religious Festivals?

(Lev. 8:8) What are Urim and Thummim?

(Lev. 10:1-2) What is the “strange fire” mentioned here?

(Lev. 11:5-6) Do these animals chew the cud or not?

(Lev. 12:1-8) Why was a mother unclean for 7 days for giving birth to a boy, but she was unclean for 14 days for giving birth to a girl?

(Lev. 13:47-59) How could leprosy affect clothing?

(Lev. 16:8) What does “Azazel” mean?

(Lev. 16:16-22) Does the sacrificial system foreshadow Christ’s ultimate sacrifice?

(Lev. 19:26) Why were false teachers put to death? (cf. Deut. 13:5)?

(Lev. 19:27-28) Why couldn’t the Jews trim their beards or their hair or get tattoos?

(Lev. 20:9) Why were disobedient kids killed? (cf. Deut. 21:18-21)?

(Lev. 20:10) Why were adulterers put to death?

Numbers

Introduction to Numbers

(Num. 1:46) Was the census really this big? (cf. Ex. 12:37)

(Num. 5:11-31) Is this a case of magic?

(Num. 6:1-21) The Nazarite vow?

(Num. 8:11-14) What is a “wave offering”?

(Num. 12:3) How could Moses write this, if he was more humble than all men?

(Num. 21:4-9) How does the story of the brazen serpent prefigure Jesus? (cf. Jn. 3:14-15)

(Num. 22:21) Why does God command Balaam to go to Balak, but then, he gets angry with Balaam for going?

(Num. 22:28) Talking donkeys? (Gen. 3:1)

(Num. 23:19) Does this passage forbid the possibility of the incarnation?

(Num. 24:17) Does this passage predict Jesus?

(Num. 25:5, 8) Why is this punishment so severe?

(Num. 31:18) Why were the virgins spared from being killed?

Deuteronomy

Introduction to Deuteronomy

(Deut. 2:12) How could Moses write this if he had never been to the Promised Land?

(Deut. 2:30) Does God harden hearts?

(Deut. 3:24; c.f. 4:34) Does this passage support henotheism?

(Deut. 6:4) Does this passage invalidate the Trinity?

(Deut. 13:5) Why were false teachers put to death (c.f. Deut. 18:20; Lev. 19:26; Ex. 22:18)?

(Deut. 17:14-20) How can this passage speak about the monarchy 400 years in advance?

(Deut. 18:15) Why does Peter apply this passage to Jesus?

(Deut. 18:15-18) Does this passage predict the prophet Muhammad as Muslim apologists claim? (c.f. Jn. 14:16)

(Deut. 18:20) Why were false teachers put to death?

(Deut. 20:13-14) Does this passage teach that Israelite men could rape and pillage foreign women?

(Deut. 20:16-18) What about the Canaanite Genocide?

(Deut. 21:10-14) Does this sanction raping women from war?

(Deut. 21:18-21) Why were disobedient kids killed (c.f. Lev. 20:9)?

(Deut. 22:23-29) Does this passage allow for rape?

(Deut. 24:1-4) What does this passage say about divorce?

(Deut. 25:1-3) Why were men flogged?

(Deut. 25:11-12) Why were women’s hands cut off for grabbing a man’s genitals?

(Deut. 34:5-12) How could Moses record his own death in Deuteronomy 34?